On The Table, Tabletop
expression
First we have a katakana word, so it's safe to assume that it's a loan word. Like many loan words, it comes from English. Say it out loud and what do you have? That's right, "table". Then comes the particle の, which joins two nouns together. Finally we have 上, which you learned means "up" or "above". Put all of these pieces together and we have a phrase meaning on the table or tabletop!
てーぶるのうえ, テーブルのうえ
In this phrase, 上 is a standalone word, so it uses the same reading that you learned when you learned the vocabulary. Easy to stay on top of that one, right?
本はテーブルの上にあります。
The book is on the table.
テーブルの上にグラスを三つおいてください。
Please put three glasses on the table.
さっき、テーブルの上をきれいにしたよ。
I cleaned the table earlier.